Abdication (禅让 shànràng) was the formal transfer of imperial power from one ruling house to another. In 220, Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian to abdicate, ending the Han dynasty and establishing Cao Wei. This ‘voluntary’ transfer was modelled on ancient precedents (Yao to Shun) but was effectively a forced regime change. The pattern repeated when Sima Yan forced Cao Huan to abdicate in 266, establishing the Jin dynasty.
References
- Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms (三国志)
- Fan Ye, Book of the Later Han (后汉书)