Lady Gan (simplified: 甘夫人, traditional: 甘夫人, pinyin: Gān Fūrén) was Liu Bei’s concubine and the mother of Liu Shan. She came from a commoner family in Pei County and became Liu Bei’s concubine around 194 when he was in Xu Province. Though she often acted as his principal wife and was greatly favoured—sources say he kept a jade figurine in her quarters because her complexion resembled it—she was never formally elevated to wife. She bore Liu Shan, Liu Bei’s heir. She died around 210. When Liu Bei became Prince of Hanzhong (219) he posthumously honoured her as Lady Huangsi; when Liu Shan became emperor (223) he granted her the posthumous title Empress Zhaolie (昭烈皇后) to match his father’s posthumous name.
Lady Gan 甘夫人
Liu Bei's concubine and mother of Liu Shan; died c. 210; posthumously honoured as Empress Zhaolie when Liu Shan became emperor.